How Caper approaches this Mole… deposit its Lab into a caper.What it can do is split the wo…t among the members who leave.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Fou…innet (legacy) V3 on-chain (16 Sep2 Oct 2026) 1514 Labs minted; 05 IP Tokens ever deployedissued, the first on 18 Sep 2026 ( method (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts…xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work… stack is in use is measurable, and the two halves have diverged. On 16 Septem. On 12 October 2026 the LabNFT (https://…B2EeBE92) contract reported 1514 Labs, the first of them minte…Ab8cC597f4f9c84E) has issued none. Its event log still holds only its sevenfive IP Tokens, the first on 18 September, two months after the tokenizer was setup entries, and ion 16 July, and none since 6 October. Its account nonce still reads 16, the valubecause a contract's nonce starts withat 1 and raises each time it creates a co…ps.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-161) . So it has never deployed the EIP-1167 clone that an IPT is; the Lab factory (https://basescan.org/address/0xECdF4f05384056507485C90aeAb0a83268760D6E) beside it reads 4. The ownership half of V3 is live and the fractionalization half has not been used once, which means every IP Token that actually funded res, and each IP Token is an EIP-1167 clone the tokenizer deploys. The IP-NFTs and IP Tokens (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page lists the five, with the Lab earch still sits on the unmaintained Ethereum contracts. Full figures and method on the IP-NFTs and IP Tokens (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) pagewas issued for, and the method.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Fou…innet (legacy) V3 on-chain (17 Aug6 Sep 2026) 7114 Labs minted, 47 controllers; 0 IP Tokens ever deployed ( …xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work…of that V3 stack is in use is now measurable, and the two halves have diverged. Read off Base mainnet on 17 AugustOn 16 September 2026, the LabNFT (https://basescan…ad5F2b5d7043B36Ee96B2EeBE92) has mincontract reported 7114 Labs, allthe first of them minside the 39 days between 8 July and 16 August 2026, across 47 distinct controllersted on 8 July 2026. The OclTokenizer (https://b…C597f4f9c84E) has issued none: its whole event log is seven administrative entries, and it has zero internal transactions (https://base.blockscout.com/address/0x62F532C3f563D974deEc103AAb8cC597f4f9c84E?tab=internal_txns) , so it has never deployed the EIP-1167 clone that an IPT is. Its event log still holds only its seven setup entries, and its account nonce still reads 1, the value a contract starts with and raises each time it creates a contract (https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-161) . So it has never deployed the EIP-1167 clone that an IPT is; the Lab factory (https://basescan.org/address/0xECdF4f05384056507485C90aeAb0a83268760D6E) beside it reads 4. The ownership half of V3 is …onalization half has not been exerciused once, which means every IP…s (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page.

How Caper approaches this Mole…T / DIVEST / METADATA) and an always-available, participation-weighted pro-rata exit into one primitive. A research community could hold its Molecule IP-NFT insidexit weighted by participation into one primitive. The two do not sit in one wallet. A Lab and its IP Token live on Base and the original IP-NFTs on Ethereum, while a caper' and its treasury and let members fund, direct and exit the project through a single contract rather than stitlive on Radix, so a research community cannot deposit its Lab into a caper. What it can do is split the work: the caper raises the money, holds it and decides by proposal what to pay for, while the IP stays with Molecule and is licensed off-chaing together a token sale, a multisig and a separate governance tool by the collective, as the IP-NFTs page (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) sets out. A caper's exit (/wiki/foundations/leaving-a-caper) pays a leaving member a share of each treasury balance, rounded down to whole units, so one NFT held there could not be split among the members who leave.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Fou…Ecosystem token BIO (https://wwwdocs.bio.xyz/bio-toke/introduction/bio-token/basic-token-information) (via Bio Protocol) Chain …xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work…d-asset (RWA) market (https://www.molecule.toxyz/blog/molecule-protocol-v2-bri…s (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page.

How Caper approaches this Mole…s (PAYOUT / INVEST / DIVEST / VOTEMETADATA) and an always-available, par…nd a separate governance tool.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Fou…); Ethereum Mainnet (legacy) V3 on-chain (17 Aug 2026) 74 Labs minted, 47 controllers; 0 IP Tokens ever deployed ( method (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) ) Status 🟢 Active Website mol…xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work…s (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page. How much of that V3 stack is in use is now measurable, and the two halves have diverged. Read off Base mainnet on 17 August 2026, the LabNFT (https://basescan.org/address/0x9F96027eeAFb9ad5F2b5d7043B36Ee96B2EeBE92) has minted 74 Labs, all of them inside the 39 days between 8 July and 16 August 2026, across 47 distinct controllers. The OclTokenizer (https://basescan.org/address/0x62F532C3f563D974deEc103AAb8cC597f4f9c84E) has issued none: its whole event log is seven administrative entries, and it has zero internal transactions (https://base.blockscout.com/address/0x62F532C3f563D974deEc103AAb8cC597f4f9c84E?tab=internal_txns) , so it has never deployed the EIP-1167 clone that an IPT is. The ownership half of V3 is live and the fractionalization half has not been exercised once, which means every IP Token that actually funded research still sits on the unmaintained Ethereum contracts. Full figures and method on the IP-NFTs and IP Tokens (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page.

How Caper approaches this Mole…n proposals (PAYOUT / INVEST / DIVEST / VOTE) and an always-available…nd a separate governance tool.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Founded 2020 Focus IP-NFTs, tokenized research IP Core primitive IP-NFT V2 + IP Tokens (IPTs) Ecosystem token BIO (https://www.bio.xyz/bio-token) (via Bio Protocol) Chain Ethereum Website molecule.xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work An IP-NFT is a single non-fungible token that carries the legal rights to a research project — its data, licensing terms and any downstream commercial upside. Molecule's open-source IP-NFT contracts (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) reached V2 in 2024, standardizing this as reusable building blocks for the DeSci economy. A single NFT is a poor governance and funding instrument, so Molecule adds a Tokenizer contract that mints an ERC-20 IP Token (IPT) against an IP-NFT (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) . Fractionalizing the IP-NFT into IPTs distributes ownership across many holders, funds the research through their purchases, and lets that group of holders collectively govern the asset as it moves through the R&D pipeline. IPTs can also gate access to proprietary data and route IP-licensing revenue back to holders. This is the on-chain analogue of a cap table for a research program — a design that sits squarely inside the DAO tokenomics (/wiki/dao-governance/concepts/treasury/dao-tokenomics) question of how a token confers real economic and governance rights rather than pure speculation. In 2025 Molecule extended the model toward bridging tokenized IP into the wider real-world-asset (RWA) market (https://www.molecule.to/blog/molecule-protocol-v2-bridging-the-future-of-decentralized-science-into-rwas) .

Products IP Token trading: the core platform at labs.molecule.xyz (https://labs.molecule.xyz) enables trading of fractionalized IP tokens derived from IP-NFTs. IPNFT Explorer & DeSci Screener: discovery and market-analysis tools for browsing on-chain research IP and evaluating IP-token markets. Documentation: developer and concept guides at docs.molecule.xyz (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) , with the contracts maintained at github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) . Pump.science: Molecule founder/CEO Paul Kohlhaas also launched Pump.science (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/pump-science) , a Solana tokenized-experiment launchpad that funds longevity compound trials through freely tradeable tokens ( Unchained (https://unchainedcrypto.com/decentralized-science-jumps-54-led-by-vitadao-as-well-as-pump-sciences-rif-and-uro/) ) — the market-driven counterpart to Molecule's deliberative IP-NFT model.

External Links - Molecule — Official Platform (https://www.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Documentation (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) - Molecule IP-NFT contracts on GitHub (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT)

Type DeSci Infrastructure Founded 2020 Focus Tokenized research IP; on-chain research accounts Core primitive Molecule Labs (V3) (https://docs.molecule.xyz/technical-deep-dive/onchain-lab) — LabNFT + one ERC-20 IP Token per Lab Legacy primitive IP-NFT V2 (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) + Tokenizer (Ethereum, marked UNMAINTAINED (https://docs.molecule.xyz/references/contracts) ) Ecosystem token BIO (https://www.bio.xyz/bio-token) (via Bio Protocol) Chain Base (Labs core, chain ID 8453); Ethereum Mainnet (legacy) Status 🟢 Active Website molecule.xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work An IP-NFT is a single non-fungible token that carries the legal rights to a research project — its data, licensing terms and any downstream commercial upside. Molecule's open-source IP-NFT contracts (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) reached V2 in 2024, standardizing this as reusable building blocks for the DeSci economy. A single NFT is a poor governance and funding instrument, so Molecule added a Tokenizer contract that minted an ERC-20 IP Token (IPT) (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) against an IP-NFT. Fractionalizing the IP-NFT into IPTs distributed ownership across many holders, funded the research through their purchases, and let that group of holders collectively govern the asset as it moved through the R&D pipeline. IPTs can also gate access to proprietary data and route IP-licensing revenue back to holders. This is the on-chain analogue of a cap table for a research program — a design that sits squarely inside the DAO tokenomics (/wiki/dao-governance/concepts/treasury/dao-tokenomics) question of how a token confers real economic and governance rights rather than pure speculation. In 2025 Molecule extended the model toward bridging tokenized IP into the wider real-world-asset (RWA) market (https://www.molecule.to/blog/molecule-protocol-v2-bridging-the-future-of-decentralized-science-into-rwas) . V3: the Lab replaces the IP-NFT That first-generation stack is now history. Molecule's contract index (https://docs.molecule.xyz/references/contracts) heads its Ethereum and Sepolia IPNFT sections “UNMAINTAINED” and lists the live deployment as “Molecule Labs core (v0.1.0)” on Base. The V3 primitive is a Lab: “an NFT (ERC-721) that is permanently bound to its own smart contract wallet (ERC-6551)” (https://docs.molecule.xyz/technical-deep-dive/onchain-lab) with account abstraction (ERC-4337), installable modules (ERC-7579) and an attestation registry (ERC-7484) gating what can be installed. The research project is no longer a token pointing at an asset; it is an account that holds its own treasury, data anchor and licences, and transferring the LabNFT hands over the whole thing in one ERC-721 transfer. Tokenization moved with it: the OclTokenizer deploys one fractional ERC-20 IP Token per Lab, gated by a signed membership agreement (https://docs.molecule.xyz/references/contracts/tokenizer) , each as an EIP-1167 clone with its own address. Molecule also documents a Coin-to-Company module (https://docs.molecule.xyz/technical-deep-dive/rwa-equity) that states plainly that “Tokens are not equity” and routes holders who want shares through a lock-and-KYC path into ordinary off-chain share agreements. The full generational comparison is on the IP-NFTs and IP Tokens (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) page.

Products Molecule Labs: the platform at labs.molecule.xyz (https://labs.molecule.xyz) , where researchers create and manage Labs — the on-chain research accounts that hold a project's token, treasury and data room. Data rooms and access control: research files are client-side encrypted and released against on-chain conditions, with roles and expiry resolved by the AccessResolver (https://docs.molecule.xyz/technical-deep-dive/data/data-privacy-and-access) — the mechanism that lets a Lab grant a collaborator or an AI agent scoped, expiring access without handing over ownership. Documentation and contracts: developer and concept guides at docs.molecule.xyz (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) , with the legacy IP-NFT contracts and subgraphs at github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) . Pump.science: Molecule founder/CEO Paul Kohlhaas also launched Pump.science (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/pump-science) , a Solana tokenized-experiment launchpad that funds longevity compound trials through freely tradeable tokens ( Unchained (https://unchainedcrypto.com/decentralized-science-jumps-54-led-by-vitadao-as-well-as-pump-sciences-rif-and-uro/) ) — the market-driven counterpart to Molecule's deliberative model.

External Links - Molecule — Official Platform (https://www.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Labs — create and manage a Lab (https://labs.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Documentation (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) - Molecule — deployed contracts (Base Labs core; legacy IPNFT marked UNMAINTAINED) (https://docs.molecule.xyz/references/contracts) - Molecule IP-NFT contracts on GitHub (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT)

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work…the DAO tokenomics (/wiki/daos-governance/concepts/treasury/dao-tokenom…ntralized-science-into-rwas) .

IP as a treasury asset For a s…treasury management (/wiki/daos-governance/concepts/treasury/dao-treasur…ing and curating the pipeline.

Products IP Token trading: the….com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) . Pump.science: Molecule founder/CEO Paul Kohlhaas also launched Pump.science (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/pump-science) , a Solana tokenized-experiment launchpad that funds longevity compound trials through freely tradeable tokens ( Unchained (https://unchainedcrypto.com/decentralized-science-jumps-54-led-by-vitadao-as-well-as-pump-sciences-rif-and-uro/) ) — the market-driven counterpart to Molecule's deliberative IP-NFT model.

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work…the DAO tokenomics (/wiki/daos/concepts/treasury/dao-tokenomics) question of h…ntralized-science-into-rwas) .

IP as a treasury asset For a s…treasury management (/wiki/daos/concepts/treasury/dao-treasury-management) for …ing and curating the pipeline.

Type DeSci Infrastructure Founded 2020 Focus IP-NFTs, Biotech IP Trading Active IP Tokens 46 Combined IPT Market Cap ~$16M All-time DEX Volume $61.4M Active Wallets 6,304 Chain Ethereum Website molecule.xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

Overview Molecule is the infrastructure layer of DeSci, providing the IP-NFT (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) framework that underpins most biotech DAOs. The platform enables trading of DeSci tokens and funding of biomedical research (https://www.molecule.xyz) by tokenizing intellectual property from scientific research into tradeable on-chain assets. Molecule's key innovation is attaching legal IP rights to NFTs, creating a new asset class that allows communities to co-own and govern research IP. The platform spans multiple scientific domains including longevity (29 projects, $9.4M market cap), brain health, women's health, psychedelics, cell therapy, and climate research. In December 2024 Molecule teamed up with pump.science and Bio Protocol to accelerate DeSci on Solana (https://molecule.xyz/blog/accelerating-desci-on-solana-molecule-pump-science-bio-protocol-team-up) , and committed half of its BIO token allocation — 166 million BIO — to a DeSci Ecosystem Grant program funding community-driven efforts to bring scientific IP on-chain.

Products IP Token Trading: The core platform at labs.molecule.xyz (https://labs.molecule.xyz) enables trading of fractionalized IP tokens derived from IP-NFTs, with 296,533 total DEX transactions across 6,304 active wallets. IPNFT Explorer: A discovery tool for on-chain intellectual property, allowing users to browse and evaluate research IP. DeSci Screener: An IP token market analysis tool for evaluating biotech research assets. Documentation: Comprehensive guides at docs.molecule.to (https://docs.molecule.to) and educational resources at the Molecule learning hub.

External Links - Molecule — Official Platform (https://www.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Documentation (https://docs.molecule.to) - Molecule on GitHub (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol)

Type DeSci Infrastructure Founded 2020 Focus IP-NFTs, tokenized research IP Core primitive IP-NFT V2 + IP Tokens (IPTs) Ecosystem token BIO (https://www.bio.xyz/bio-token) (via Bio Protocol) Chain Ethereum Website molecule.xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

Overview Molecule is the infrastructure layer of decentralized science, providing the IP-NFT (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) framework that underpins most biotech DAOs. The platform lets research communities fund biomedical research and trade the resulting intellectual property on-chain (https://www.molecule.xyz) , turning years of locked, illiquid scientific output into assets with price discovery and secondary markets. Molecule's core innovation is attaching legal IP rights to an NFT, creating an asset class that a community can co-own and govern. The platform spans longevity, brain health, women's health, psychedelics, cell therapy and climate research, and is the tokenization engine behind the Bio Protocol (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/bio-xyz) BioDAO ecosystem.

How IP-NFTs and IP Tokens work An IP-NFT is a single non-fungible token that carries the legal rights to a research project — its data, licensing terms and any downstream commercial upside. Molecule's open-source IP-NFT contracts (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) reached V2 in 2024, standardizing this as reusable building blocks for the DeSci economy. A single NFT is a poor governance and funding instrument, so Molecule adds a Tokenizer contract that mints an ERC-20 IP Token (IPT) against an IP-NFT (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) . Fractionalizing the IP-NFT into IPTs distributes ownership across many holders, funds the research through their purchases, and lets that group of holders collectively govern the asset as it moves through the R&D pipeline. IPTs can also gate access to proprietary data and route IP-licensing revenue back to holders. This is the on-chain analogue of a cap table for a research program — a design that sits squarely inside the DAO tokenomics (/wiki/dao/concepts/dao-tokenomics) question of how a token confers real economic and governance rights rather than pure speculation. In 2025 Molecule extended the model toward bridging tokenized IP into the wider real-world-asset (RWA) market (https://www.molecule.to/blog/molecule-protocol-v2-bridging-the-future-of-decentralized-science-into-rwas) .

IP as a treasury asset For a science DAO, the tokenized IP is not a side product — it is the treasury's core holding. A VitaDAO (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/vitadao) or AthenaDAO (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/athenadao) funds a study, receives an IP-NFT, and that asset (plus any licensing income) is what the community stewards. This makes treasury management (/wiki/dao/concepts/dao-treasury-management) for a DeSci DAO a question of managing a portfolio of illiquid, high-variance research bets rather than a stack of liquid tokens, and it is why the Molecule + Bio Protocol (/wiki/desci/ecosystem/bio-xyz) stack pairs IP tokenization with a launchpad and staking layer that keeps the community funding and curating the pipeline.

Products IP Token trading: the core platform at labs.molecule.xyz (https://labs.molecule.xyz) enables trading of fractionalized IP tokens derived from IP-NFTs. IPNFT Explorer & DeSci Screener: discovery and market-analysis tools for browsing on-chain research IP and evaluating IP-token markets. Documentation: developer and concept guides at docs.molecule.xyz (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) , with the contracts maintained at github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT) .

How Caper approaches this Molecule solves the asset side of DeSci — making research IP ownable and tradable. A caper (/wiki/foundations/what-is-a-caper) addresses the organization side: it folds the fundraise (a bonding-curve sale), the treasury, on-chain proposals (PAYOUT / INVEST / VOTE) and an always-available, participation-weighted pro-rata exit into one primitive. A research community could hold its Molecule IP-NFT inside a caper's treasury and let members fund, direct and exit the project through a single contract rather than stitching together a token sale, a multisig and a separate governance tool.

External Links - Molecule — Official Platform (https://www.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Documentation (https://docs.molecule.xyz/) - Molecule IP-NFT contracts on GitHub (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol/IPNFT)

Type DeSci Infrastructure Founded 2020 Focus IP-NFTs, Biotech IP Trading Active IP Tokens 46 Combined IPT Market Cap ~$16M All-time DEX Volume $61.4M Active Wallets 6,304 Chain Ethereum Website molecule.xyz (https://www.molecule.xyz)

Overview Molecule is the infrastructure layer of DeSci, providing the IP-NFT (/wiki/desci/ip-nfts) framework that underpins most biotech DAOs. The platform enables trading of DeSci tokens and funding of biomedical research (https://www.molecule.xyz) by tokenizing intellectual property from scientific research into tradeable on-chain assets. Molecule's key innovation is attaching legal IP rights to NFTs, creating a new asset class that allows communities to co-own and govern research IP. The platform spans multiple scientific domains including longevity (29 projects, $9.4M market cap), brain health, women's health, psychedelics, cell therapy, and climate research. In December 2024 Molecule teamed up with pump.science and Bio Protocol to accelerate DeSci on Solana (https://molecule.xyz/blog/accelerating-desci-on-solana-molecule-pump-science-bio-protocol-team-up) , and committed half of its BIO token allocation — 166 million BIO — to a DeSci Ecosystem Grant program funding community-driven efforts to bring scientific IP on-chain.

Products IP Token Trading: The core platform at labs.molecule.xyz (https://labs.molecule.xyz) enables trading of fractionalized IP tokens derived from IP-NFTs, with 296,533 total DEX transactions across 6,304 active wallets. IPNFT Explorer: A discovery tool for on-chain intellectual property, allowing users to browse and evaluate research IP. DeSci Screener: An IP token market analysis tool for evaluating biotech research assets. Documentation: Comprehensive guides at docs.molecule.to (https://docs.molecule.to) and educational resources at the Molecule learning hub.

External Links - Molecule — Official Platform (https://www.molecule.xyz) - Molecule Documentation (https://docs.molecule.to) - Molecule on GitHub (https://github.com/moleculeprotocol)